Classification of hydraulic turbines linkedin slideshare. Animation as in the ppt hg hl h penstock turbine tailrace headrace. The hydraulic pressure is directed to a hydraulic generator motor coupled to an electrical generator. Following two types of hydraulic turbines are important.
In simple terms, the turbine is like power producing machines. Hydraulic turbinesbasic principles and stateoftheart cfd applications 87 turbomachines, as 2. We also discuss bulb turbines for tidal energy plants and reversible pumpturbines for pumped storage plants. Thus the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. The efficiency of turbines turbines machines fluid. A radial flow hydraulic turbine whose design is based on a power specific speed. Types of hydraulic turbines fluid machinery mechanical. Since the power supplied is hydraulic, and the probable loss is between the striking jet and vane it is rightly called hydraulic efficiency. This energy obtained is know as hydroelectric power which is one of the cheapest forms of energy generation. Turgo impulse turbine design was developed by gilkes in 1919 to provide a simple impulse type machine with cons iderably higher specific speed than a singgj g g j gle jet pelton. The shaft toque the torque that the shaft applies to the rotor and the rotation of the rotor are in the same direction, energy is transferred from the shaft to the rotor and from the rotor to the fluid. To know more about what are hydraulic turbines, what is the working principle of hydraulic turbines and how are they classified, read on through this article series. Hydraulic machinery made easy gate handwritten notes. When the fluid used is water, they are called hydraulic turbines.
Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants michele manno department of industrial engineering university of rome tor vergata. For larger heads the pinstock is longer and there is a smaller throughput of water e. Introduction to fluid machinery turbines, pumps, blowers. Hydraulic turbines may be classified on the basis of four characteristics. Hydraulics and hydraulic machinery notes pdf hhm notes pdf. Hydraulic turbines fundamental operating parameters classification impulse turbines pelton turbines reaction turbines radial flow. Sediment erosion in hydraulic turbines o global journals. Mod01 lec09 introduction to reaction type of hydraulic turbine a. Neglecting friction, calculate i the power developed by the turbine, ii its speed and iii hydraulic efficiency. Introduction to fluid machinery turbines, pumps, blowers and. Hydraulic turbines are classified as impulse and reaction depending on the manner. Hydraulic turbines their design and equipment nechleba.
Hydraulic turbines pelton wheel, francis turbine and kaplan turbine. Assuming the hydraulic efficiency is 94%, the overall efficiency is 92%, and the flow at exit is entirely. Introduction to fluid machines lectures 49 to 53 3 4 54. Benefits increased availability enhanced performance. A water turbine is a rotary machine that converts kinetic energy and potential energy of water into mechanical work water turbines were developed in the 19th century and were widely used for industrial power prior to electrical grids. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel. This mechanical energy is used in running an electric generator which is directly coupled to the shaft of the turbine. Where the supply is low it is usual to have an open flume supply with a short pinstock e.
Hydraulic efficiency this is the efficiency with which water power is converted into diagram power and is given by. Reaction turbine in an impulse turbine, the total energy at the inlet of a turbine is only kinetic energy. Turbines are defined as the hydraulic machines which convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. Power generation electrohydraulic control system improve. The turgo turbine is an impulse water turbine designed for medium head. Prior to hitting the turbine blades, the waters pressure potential energy is converted to kinetic energy by a nozzle and focused on the turbine. The principal feature of a reaction turbine that distinguishes it from an impulse turbine is that only a part of the total head. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter6 gas turbines. The blade tip diameter is 3 m, the hub diameter is 1. Hydraulic turbines are machines which convert hydraulic energy in to mechanical energy. Hydraulic turbines consist of pelton wheel, francis and kaplan turbine.
Hydraulic turbineshydraulic turbines raven mechanical. Abstract sediment erosion not only reduces efficiency and life of hydropower turbines but also causes problems in operation and maintenance. A m pradeep, department of aerospace engineering, iit bombay. Mar 10, 2015 in this chapter, we discuss the different types of hydraulic turbines for electric power plants. Download hydraulic turbine seminar reports, ppt, pdf, hydraulic turbine seminar topics, abstracts, full documentation, source code.
In a pelton turbine or pelton wheel water jets impact on the blades of the turbine making the wheel rotate, producing torque and power. Mechanical efficiency this is the efficiency with which the diagram power is converted into shaft power. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Publications tc 4 publications cover the following areas of activity.
Introduction to fluid machinery turbines, pumps, blowers and compressors fluid machines machines are energy conversion devices are called turbomachinery which transfers energy between a fluid system and its mechanical system e. Hydraulic turbinesbasic principles and stateofthe art. Hydraulic turbines are being used from very ancient times to harness the energy stored in flowing streams, rivers and lakes. Shaft orientation horizontal axis or vertical y h u22g 4 axis speci. The hydraulics and hydraulic machinery pdf notes hhm pdf notes book starts with the topics covering energy and momentum correction factors, non uniform flowdynamic equation for g.
We analyse their main characteristics in order to understand in which range of head and flow rate they can be used efficiently. On the basis of the type of energy at the turbine inlet impulse turbine total head o. Courses principle of hydraulic machines and system design. The use of the method to diagnose damage sustained by the guide case of a hydraulic turbine under an effective head of. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. It is a vector physical quantity both magnitude and direction are required to define it. Electrohydraulic control system improve your steam turbine reliability power generation abbs hydraulic repair and reconditioning service specializes in bringing equipment back to its original performance, helping to prevent costly failures and improving plant safety. Download hydraulic turbine seminar reports, abstract, pdf, ppt. F, dimensional analysisrayleighs method and buckinghams pi theoremstudy of hydraulic models, hydrodynamic force of jets on stationary and moving flat. Hydraulic machinery made easy gate handwritten notes download pdf. There are different types of turbines such as a pelton turbine, kaplan turbine, francis turbine, bulb turbine. To find the power that can be developed, we assume an overall efficiency of 0. Som,department of mechanical engineering,iit kharagpur. Iec technical committee 4 develops and maintains international standards and reports for hydraulic rotating machinery and associated equipment allied with hydropower development.
Which of the following hydraulic turbines are reaction turbine. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. To design a turbine with head, h m and flow rate, q 3. A prime mover is a machine which uses the raw energy of a substance and converts i t into the mechanical energy.
Several factors are responsible for this erosion in hydro turbine components. Large francis turbine is individually designed for the site to operate at the highest possible efficiency, typically over 90%. Turbomachinery aerodynamics nptel online videos, courses. Hydraulic turbines may be defined as prime movers that transform the kinetic energy.
Turbine itself means a thing which rotates or spins. Aug 25, 2016 turbines are machines which convert fluid energy to mechanical energy. Power plant lecture notes chapter7 hydrowater power plant chapter pdf. Turbines are machines which convert fluid energy to mechanical energy. A hydraulic turbine is a machine which converts the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. State thedifference between latchedand unlatchedronbacks. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter7 hydrowater power. Kinds of open channel flow, channel geometry, types and regimes of flow.
A prime mover is a machine which uses the raw energy of a substance and converts i. Uses the potential energy and kinetic energy of water and rotate the rotor by dynamic action of water classification of hydraulic turbines. An axialflow hydraulic turbine operates with a head of 20 m at turbine entry and develops 10 mw when running at 250 rpm. In this chapter, we discuss the different types of hydraulic turbines for electric power plants. Still, if you have any doubt ask in the comment section, i will get back to you as soon as possible.
An impulse turbine is one in which the pressure of the fluid flowing over the rotor blades is constant and all the work output is due to the change in kinetic energy of the fluid. The theoretical hydraulic efficiency of the turbine is equal to. Hydraulic turbine is a device that converts the energy in a stream of fluid into mechanical energy by passing the extreme through a system of fixed and moving blades and causing the wheel to rotate. Energy and initial jet velocity in the ideal frictionless case, all of the hydraulic. Hydraulic turbines hydraulic turbines convert hydraulic energy of water into mechanical energy which is further converted into electrical energy. This category of hydraulic turbines has the flow path of the. Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 1. Energy available at the inlet of the turbine is only kinetic energy. With an active marketplace of over 175 million items, use the alibris advanced search page to find any item you are looking for through the advanced search, you can find items by searching specific terms such as title, artist, song title, genre, etc or you can narrow. Nptel online videos, courses iit video lectures well organized.
The rotor shaft of an electrical power generator, placed in a wind or water current whereby the kinetic energy causes the rotor shaft to rotate, turns a hydraulic pump generating a hydraulic pressure. The hydraulic turbines are also known as water turbines. The ratio of the blade tip speed to jet speed is 0. Water turbines are mostly found in dams to generate electric power from water potential energy. Velocity is the measurement of the rate and direction of change in the position of an object. The hydraulic turbines or water turbines are important hydraulic machines of the hydropower plant that convert the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. The design allows larger jet of water to be directed at an angle onto the runner face. Pelton turbine is suitable for high head and low flow rate. History of hydraulic power more than 2200 years ago. In this arrangement the head is the vertical height from the water level in the fore bay to the level in the ail race. The hydraulic turbine is a prime mover that uses the energy of flowing water and converts is into the mechanical energy in the form of rotation of the runner. The hydraulic pressure causes the hydraulic motor to turn which spins the generator.
Turbomachinery aerodynamics turbomachinery aerodynamics. Approval issue module 2347 the turbine governing system. The formula suggests that the pelton turbine is most suitable for applications with relatively high hydraulic head, due to the 54 exponent being greater than unity, and given the characteristically low specific speed of the pelton. A hydraulic turbine rotates at n rpm operating under a net head h and having a. Last update 220520 energy systems hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 1. An axial flow turbine working under a gross head of rotates at. Now they are mostly used for electric power generation. Jul 15, 2015 pelton turbine pelton turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine. So this is the overview of the pelton wheel turbine, i tried my best to describe the whole thing, i hope you got the concept of pelton wheel. Hydraulic turbines transfer the energy from a flowing fluid to a rotating shaft. A suitable turbine is to be designed for a site where the available head is 160 m and flow rate is 0.
Pelton turbine pelton turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine. Domains of head and scale in the engineering practice of pelton, francis and kaplan turbines 33 s fiorano 1967 langsima 1975 stsima 1975 tonstad 1968 pradella 1964 new colgate 1965 nacazaki 1957 churchill falls 1972 itaipu 1978 grand coulee iv 1973 vilovi 1963 kanayama 1966 st martin 1954. Jan 23, 2018 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Pumps and turbines autumn 20 objectives 1 understand the role of pumps and turbines as energyconversion devices and use, appropriately, the terms head, power and efficiency. The hydraulic machines which convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy are known as turbines and that convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy is known as pumps. Learn more about design, analysis, working principle and applications of pelton wheel turbine.
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